Models of PA: when two elements are necessarily order automorphic
نویسنده
چکیده
We are interested in the question of how much the order of a non-standard model of PA can determine the model. In particular, for a model M , we want to characterize the complete types p(x, y) of non-standard elements (a, b) such that the linear orders {x : x < a} and {x : x < b} are necessarily isomorphic. It is proved that this set includes the complete types p(x, y) such that if the pair (a, b) realizes it (in M) then there is an element c such that for all standard n, c n < a, c n < b, a < bc and b < ac. We prove that this is optimal, because if ♦ ℵ 1 holds, then there is M of cardinality ℵ 1 for which we get equality. We also deal with how much the order in a model of PA may determine the addition.
منابع مشابه
Nilpotency in Automorphic Loops of Prime Power Order
A loop is automorphic if its inner mappings are automorphisms. Using socalled associated operations, we show that every commutative automorphic loop of odd prime power order is centrally nilpotent. Starting with suitable elements of an anisotropic plane in the vector space of 2 × 2 matrices over the field of prime order p, we construct a family of automorphic loops of order p with trivial center.
متن کاملProcess Capability Analysis in the Presence of Autocorrelation
The classical method of process capability analysis necessarily assumes that collected data are independent; nonetheless, some processes such as biological and chemical processes are autocorrelated and violate the independency assumption. Many processes exhibit a certain degree of correlation and can be treated by autoregressive models, among which the autoregressive model of order one (AR (1))...
متن کاملProcess Capability Analysis in the Presence of Autocorrelation
The classical method of process capability analysis necessarily assumes that collected data are independent; nonetheless, some processes such as biological and chemical processes are autocorrelated and violate the independency assumption. Many processes exhibit a certain degree of correlation and can be treated by autoregressive models among which the autoregressive model of order one (AR (1)) ...
متن کاملTwo New Quadrilateral Elements Based on Strain States
In this paper, two new quadrilateral elements are formulated to solve plane problems. Low sensitivity to geometric distortion, no parasitic shear error, rotational invariance, and satisfying the Felippa pure bending test are characteristics of these suggested elements. One proposed element is formulated by establishing equilibrium equations for the second-order strain field. The other suggested...
متن کاملInfluence of Seismic Pounding on RC Buildings with and without Base Isolation System Subject to Near-Fault Ground Motions
Building pounding occurs between two adjacent buildings with small gap or without sufficient separation distance. It leads to damage buildings during earthquake due to impact. Many researchers have investigated building pounding based on impact force reduction and energy dissipation increase, when two buildings collide with each other. In numerical investigations, using specific link element, i...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Math. Log. Q.
دوره 61 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2015